白鹤滩出线竖井GIL方案

白鹤滩水电站出线竖井内布置了世界上最高垂直敷设的500 kV GIL,设计、施工难度大。对白鹤滩水电站出线竖井内GIL布置和安装检修方案的拟定,以及在方案拟定过程中所考虑的主要因素进行了详细介绍,为白鹤滩水电站500 kV GIL顺利实施提供了技术支撑。     

Three-dimensional surface profile measurement of a cylindrical surface using a multi-beam angle sensor

To investigate the application of the multi-beam angle sensor (MBAS) to high-precision optical aspheric and freeform surfaces, which are critical components in optical systems, we present a method of using an MBAS to reconstruct an aspheric surface from angle data. The MBAS is based on a multi-autocollimator system with a microlens array, which can split the beam into several spots and can convert centroid detection of the light intensity into an angle measurement. The MBAS is designed to address the curvature-range problem via a circumferential scan better than other methods and automatically eliminates the tilt error caused by rotation of a workpiece. Using a tracking technique, the MBAS can automatically determine focal spot positions from the centroid measurement of the light intensity. This is directly related to the accuracy of the angular difference measurement. The experimental results confirm the feasibility of using an MBAS for 3D surface profile measurements of cylindrical surfaces.     

基于 ＮＡＯ 机器人的行走约束研究

针对为了控制支撑脚与地面接触的零力矩点（ＺＭＰ）而无法控制骨盆与自由足的运动的问题， 以腿部１１个自由度的 ＮＡＯ 机器人为研究对象，在对 ＮＡＯ 机器人进行运动规划过程中必须适当考虑骨盆 与自由足的运动限制，采用了 Ｂｒｙａｎｔ角度进行限制和对骨盆的平移运动能够改善单支撑阶段的ＺＭＰ控制， 并同时合成骨盆的旋转运动，对自由足姿态实现全面控制。     

超亲水防雾表面研究进展

透明玻璃和树脂材料应用广泛，是未来世界重要的构成元素。但这些材料表面常易发生水蒸气凝结起雾现象，不但降低了材料本身的透明度，影响相关产品的使用，还会给设备的运行安全带来隐患。因此，如何防雾逐渐引起研究人员和产业届的关注。常见的防雾技术有自动擦拭、热力防雾、表面涂层等。其中，具有主动防雾性能的超亲水表面涂层技术在施工简便性、持续防护性及运行维护成本的经济性等方面具有独特优势，是最有发展潜力的防雾技术。详细介绍了超亲水防雾表面的设计和制造技术的最新进展，从起雾现象的机制出发，介绍了水滴的形核和生长，并由此引出超亲水表面的防雾机理。分类介绍了由不同制备方法所得到的超亲水防雾表面，重点综述了近年来超亲水防雾涂层技术的研究进展，包括有机超亲水涂层、无机超亲水涂层与有机无机杂化超亲水涂层。针对各种形式的超亲水涂层技术，分别从涂层的亲水性、防雾性、耐久性及制备膜层的结构与性能之间的关系等方面进行了归纳。最后，根据超亲水防雾表面在不同领域的实际应用，对其未来的发展进行了展望。     

Large eddy simulation of flow over square cylinder arrays in an octagonal configuration at subcritical Reynolds numbers

In this study, fluid flow over an array of eight, 0.029 m × 0.029 m, square cross‐section cylinders in an octagonal configuration is studied numerically. The mean force coefficients (drag and lift) and the vortex formation characteristics of the array are calculated numerically by utilizing a three‐dimensional large eddy simulation mathematical model for turbulence. The numerical simulation is performed with commercial software ANSYS Fluent 19R1. To investigate the parametric influences, three spacings between the cylinders (0.07, 0.14, and 0.2 m), two array attack angles (0° and 15°), and two Reynolds numbers (4060 and 45 800) are considered. The results comprise flow patterns and force coefficients' variations with Reynolds numbers. The lift force of the downstream cylinder reaches its maximum at α = 15°, and the drag force of the upstream cylinders finds its peak at α = 0°. It is observed through velocity and viscosity contour plots that vortex formation length near the cylinder increases at higher Reynolds number. Velocity vector plots are also presented to show fluid flow behavior near the cylinder. Furthermore, the predicted mean forces on the cylinders are slightly different for different Reynolds numbers, spacings, and angles of attack.     

缺水传感器改进设计

针对一种煤矿用本安型缺水传感器在现场安装及维护难度大,以及抽采泵供水状态下管道内有水但传感器检测显示为无水,或抽采泵停止工作时传感器检测显示有水问题,分析原产品中磁体及探头感应装置结构。改进其结构形式,并优化安装,使检测稳定可靠。实现抽采泵管道用缺水传感器的可靠性设计和轻量化设计。     

Effect of impact angle on wear behavior of Mo2NiB2–Ni cermets with different Ni content

Herein, the influence of the impact angle and Ni content on the wear behavior of Mo₂NiB₂–Ni cermets was studied using an erodent-carrying slurry comprising artificial seawater and SiO₂ sands. The results reveal that the material loss may be attributed to the wear damage caused by SiO₂ sands because cermets are expected to exhibit good corrosion resistance in artificial seawater. The relative density of cermets markedly influences their resistance to wear damage, and the material loss experienced by cermets with poor relative density is 2–4 times higher than that of cermets with good relative density; this occurs because a higher relative density can markedly enhance the mechanical properties and reduce the defects in the cermets. Moreover, the results indicate that as the impact angle increases from 0° to 60°, the manifestation of the wear mechanism changes from damaging the Ni binder phase (caused by single cutting wear) to damaging both the Mo₂NiB₂ ceramic and Ni binder phases due to the combination of cutting wear and impact wear. The wear damage is dominated by the cutting wear and impact wear from SiO₂ sand at the low and high impact angles, respectively. Furthermore, the severe deterioration of the single ceramic skeleton at high impact angles indicates that the synergistic influence of the Mo₂NiB₂ ceramic and Ni binder phases on enhancing the wear resistance of the cermets intensifies at high impact angles.     

地应力套心解除法测量精度的校验方法研究

介绍了国内外空心包体应变计等套心解除地应力测试技术的基本情况,套心解除测试技术测量精度研究的现状,进行测量精度校验研究的依据和重要意义。提出了一种在岩石洞室进行校验试验的装置,论述了校验试验环境、物理模型组成、试验过程和试验真值获取注意事项。首次给出并重点论述了二维和三维地应力测量精度的定量表述方法,给出了量值综合误差、量值最大误差、角度综合误差和角度最大误差公式,以及多样本的平均误差公式。对上述测量精度误差公式的表述效果进行了讨论,对比了在“一般情况下”和“极端情况下”综合误差和最大误差表述方式的效果,明确了表述公式的适用性。     

Ergonomic postural assessment using a new open-source human pose estimation technology (OpenPose)

Observational ergonomic postural assessment methods have been commonly used to evaluate the risks of musculoskeletal disorders. Researchers have proposed semi-automatic methods using Kinect, known for limitations with body occlusions and non-frontal tracking. Meanwhile, new human pose estimation methods have been actively developed, and a popular open-source technology is OpenPose. This study aims to propose the OpenPose-based system for computing joint angles and RULA/REBA scores and validate against the reference motion capture system, and compare its performance to the Kinect-based system. Recordings of 10 participants performing 12 experimental tasks under different conditions: with/without body occlusions and tracked from frontal/non-frontal views were analyzed. OpenPose showed good performance under all task conditions, whereas Kinect performed significantly worse than OpenPose especially at cases with body occlusions or non-frontal tracking. The findings suggested that OpenPose could be a promising technology to measure joint angles and conduct semi-automatic ergonomic postural assessments in the real workspace where the conditions are often non-ideal.